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Yoruba language

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Yoruba (Éwn malábó:IPAc-en,[1] Éwn malábó:IPAc-en;[2] Yor. Éwn malábó:Lang Éwn malábó:IPA) í chẹ íchí Niger-Congo language kù ma ka efu West Africa,ọ́lólo- ún chí efu Southwestern kpaí Central Naijẹria ,íbíní , kpaí amí ísẹkúbo ojìane Togo. Ón chí íchí ká amí Yoruba people á ‘ka. Amóne kù má kí íchí íyanjí chẹ dábí Òdulugwu óójẹ,[3] manyú amóne kí dabí Òdulugwu mẹ́jí ón chí íchí má ẹ́kẹ́jí kú má kàá abẹ́kí L2.[4] ábú ẹ́í pluricentric language, í chì íchí kú má kpẹ́ju kàà ógbẹgbẹlẹ́ Nigeria, Benin,kpaí Togo manyú amí ísà péé kú ma ló tí ojìane Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone kpaí The Gambia.

Íchí íyanjí ma n̄o du chẹkwù efu African diaspora religions dabí amí yà ábo Afro-Brazilian religion yé Candomblé, amí Iwu Caribbean yà í Santería efu yé kí kwí liturgical Lucumí language, kpaí amí yà í Afro-ámẹ́ríka Iwu ye North America.ámí abíléwa Igbeje yé Iwu efu í Améríkà ma chí Ọgbeju-nwu efu ichí íyají ùn , tá‘bálẹ má dú ómu‘kola yají chẹ kwu kpaí ẹ́ du kẹlí abẹkí yà í enwu ogkwu . Dabí en yà Igbeje , yà amí íyají lexicon òlólọ̀-ún íchí átọdu íchà‘bó àlélójí ,kpaí ojí-ólu-ẹ́ñní í mu dóna omúné ku ma má kí‘beno ẹkíchí egbaduuu gẹ̀ ù.[5][6][7][8]

As the principal Yoruboid language, íchí yají chí íchí kí gbẹju mẹru íchí Itsekiri (kú ma kà efu Niger Delta) kpaí Igala (ku ma efu central Nigeria).

Ọ̀híla

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Éwn malábó:Further íchí yájí ché defu amí íchí yà Edekiri languages, yá kí chẹ dámà mânyù Itsekiri kpaí ì isolate Igala kwí yé í Yoruboid efu újo amí chí kí dẹ ówe yé Volta–Niger ómatọ̀ ka yà ófìkpalì Niger–Congo. í mí úche ichí údámâ yà amí ófìkpalì, kí égbá àdíkó óhíla Niger–Congo , mânyù atagbara kú má ché í ché dúowe ọdọ Íchámú ny'ọ́gwọ̄kọ̄o mẹ́gwākáá kí lélẹ kwudu-í (ùgbojí yé Upper Paleolithic).[9]efu ẹn̄íní Nigeria,iín̄o chí at'agbara kí yà ló tí ùyí kocha ísakulu yé ẹdọ mẹfa kpaí ẹdọ megwẹ́gí kú má lò tí Òdulugwu-óójẹ́ ku ma kí íchí yají, mânyù amí chakubo wẹwẹ kí dẹ ódọ́‘da Naijẹria kí dẹ́bí Òdulugwu kú má kí íchí yají, takí ẹlẹ́ jẹwń mú dù íchí kí banẹ́ma úgbo duuuuu ojìane amí ẹnẹ́dudu afríkà kú má kí íchí. Í ché namí ícha chá újo efu ichí amí yají kú má chí literature , mânyù ọtakìda, newspapers, kpayí pamphlets.[10]ma dú íchí yají chíkulo efu edukolo gbogo efu Rádẹo kpaì ojí chélema manyú efu ùyì kocha ísakulu ẹdọ mẹfa kpaí ẹdọ megwẹ́gí mânyù ya tértíy Yoruba is used in radio and television broadcasting and is taught at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.[10]

Varietie

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Egba dialect
Onko dialect, Okeho
Shaki dialect
Oyo dialect from Iwo
Ekiti dialect
Ifẹ dialect
Ijesha dialect
Ekiti from Irun Akoko
Owo dialect
Idanre dialect
Ijebu dialect
Ikale dialect
Ao dialect, Ifira

Notes and references

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Notes

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  1. ↑ "Yoruba". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  2. ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
  3. ↑ Éwn malábó:E28
  4. ↑ Éwn malábó:E28
  5. ↑ Valdés, Vanessa K. (2015-03-04). "Yoruba Traditions and African American Religious Nationalism by Tracey E. Hucks (review)". Callaloo (in English). 38 (1): 234–237. doi:10.1353/cal.2015.0025. ISSN 1080-6512. S2CID 143058809.
  6. ↑ Warner, Maureen (1971). "Trinidad Yoruba — Notes on Survivals". Caribbean Quarterly. 17 (2): 40–49. doi:10.1080/00086495.1971.11829073. ISSN 0008-6495. JSTOR 40653205.
  7. ↑ "History of Oyotunji". Oyotunji (in English). Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  8. ↑ Nigeria, Know (2017-04-13). "The Oyotunji Village: a Mini Yoruba Empire in the USA". Inspire Afrika (in American English). Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  9. ↑ Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek (2000). African Languages: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-521-66629-9.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Yoruba language | West African, Nigeria, Benin | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). Retrieved 2024-03-19.


References

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  • Adetugbọ, Abiọdun (1982). "Towards a Yoruba Dialectology". In Afọlayan (ed.). Yoruba Language and Literature. pp. 207–224.
  • Afọlayan, Adebisi, ed. (1982). Yoruba language and literature. Ifẹ / Ibadan: University of Ifẹ Press / Ibadan University Press.
  • Ajayi, J.F. Ade (1960). "How Yoruba was Reduced to Writing". Odu: A Journal of Yoruba, Ẹdo and Related Studies (8): 49–58.
  • Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1965a). "Assimilation and contraction in Yoruba". Journal of West African Languages (2): 21–27.
  • Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1965b). Yoruba Orthography. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
  • Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1969). "Yoruba". In Elizabeth Dunstan (ed.). Twelve Nigerian Languages. New York: Africana Publishing Corp. p. 166. ISBN 0-8419-0031-0.
  • Fagborun, J. Gbenga (1994). The Yoruba Koiné – Its History and Linguistic Innovations. LINCOM Linguistic Edition vol. 6. München/Newcastle: LINCOM Europe. ISBN 3-929075-47-4.
  • Fresco, Max (1970). Topics in Yoruba Dialect Phonology. (Studies in African Linguistics Supplement Vol. 1). Los Angeles: University of California, Dept. of Linguistics/ASC.
  • Ladipọ, Duro (1972). Ọba kò so (The king did not hang) — Opera by Duro Ladipọ. (Transcribed and translated by R.G. Armstrong, Robert L. Awujọọla and Val Ọlayẹmi from a tape recording by R. Curt Wittig). Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan.
  • Oyètádé, B. Akíntúndé & Buba, Malami (2000) 'Hausa Loan Words in Yorùbá', in Wolff & Gensler (eds.) Proceedings of the 2nd WoCAL, Leipzig 1997, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 241–260.
  • Oyenuga, Soji www.YorubaForKidsAbroad.com (2007). "Yoruba". In Soji and Titi Oyenuga (ed.). Yoruba For Kids Abroad – Learn Yoruba In 27 Days. Saskatoon, Canada: Gaptel Innovative Solutions Inc. pp. 27 days.

History

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Dictionaries

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  • Abraham, Roy Clive (1958). Dictionary of Modern Yoruba. London: University of London Press.
  • CMS (Canon C.W. Wakeman, ed.) (1950) [1937]. A Dictionary of the Yoruba language. Ibadan: University Press.
  • Delanọ, Oloye Isaac (1958). Atúmọ̀ ede Yoruba [short dictionary and grammar of the Yoruba language]. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Sachnine, Michka (1997). Dictionnaire yorùbá-français, suivi d'un index français-yorùbâ. Paris: Karthala.

Grammars and sketches

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  • Adesola, Oluseye (2005). Yoruba: A Grammar Sketch. Version 1.0. The Afranaph Project.
  • Adéwọlé, L.O. (2000). Beginning Yorùbá (Part I). Monograph Series no. 9. Cape Town: CASAS.
  • Adéwọlé, L.O. (2001). Beginning Yorùbá (Part II). Monograph Series no. 10. Cape Town: CASAS.
  • Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966). A Grammar of Yoruba. [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barber, Karin (1985). Yorùbá Dùn ún So: a beginners' course in Yorùbá (1st ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300029581.
  • Bowen, Thomas Jefferson (1858). "Grammar and Dictionary of the Yoruba Language: With an Introductory Description of the Country and People of Yoruba". Available at the Internet Archive.
  • Crowther, Samuel Ajayi (1852). Yoruba Grammar. London. The first grammar of Yoruba. Available at the Internet Archive.
  • Rowlands, E.C. (1969). Teach Yourself Yoruba. London: The English Universities Press.
  • Ward, Ida (1952). An introduction to the Yoruba language. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons.
  • Yetunde, Antonia & Schleicher, Folarin (2006). Colloquial Yoruba. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd (Routledge).
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